Xenotransplantation--state of the art.

نویسندگان

  • Axel Kornerup Hansen
  • Kirsten Dahl
  • Dorte Bratbo Sørensen
  • Ejvind Kemp
  • Svend Kirkeby
چکیده

Rejections caused by xenotransplantation Transplantation between two different species may give rise to two types of graft rejection. Between so-called discordant species a hyperacute rejection (HAR) occurs within minutes or hours. In so-called concordant species this type of rejection does not occur, but over days a delayed xenograft rejection (DXG) (6) will occur. In all transplanted organs, xenoas well as allotransplanted, chronic graft rejection (CRG) will occur after years. Man is concordant with old world primates, but due to several reasons, such as breeding difficulties, risk of retroviral epidemics, concerns for the use of endangered species, etc., the discordant pig is considered the donor of choice. HAR is primarily caused by initiation of the complement cascade. The antigen known to be activating the classical pathway is the alpha-gal epitope (10) (Figure 1); the epitope alternative to the primate AB0 blood group system in most non-primate mammals. In species, in which the antigen is absent, circulating antibodies are present. In humans IgG against the alpha-gal epitope counts for up to a total of 1% of circulating IgG (11). These antibodies probably derive from a reaction to members of the intestinal flora, especially Enterobacteriaceae spp., but also other types of infectious agents possess the alpha-gal epitope as a structural element in their cell walls (10).

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

Identification and Prioritization of the State-of-the-Art Technologies in the Management of Iranian Public Libraries

Purpose: State-of-the-art technology refers to the best and latest technological advancement possible at a particular time. Today, public libraries play a key role in the various cultural and social spheres of society. Although various technologies can help to fulfill the basic roles of public libraries correctly and completely, their application in the context of these libraries undoubtedly fa...

متن کامل

P-45: Xenotransplantation of Mouse Ovaries into Pseudopregnant Rat Uteri

Background Xenotransplantation of ovary can help individuals who may be at sterility risk after chemotherapy or radiotherapy of diseases such as cancer. Moreover, this technique can be used to preserve fertility of valuable animal species. The aim of the present study was to preserve balb/c mice ovarian tissue by xenotransplantation into uterus of rat that is immune suppressed. MaterialsAndMeth...

متن کامل

Enzyme Immobilization: The State of Art in Biotechnology

The advantages of immobilized enzyme over its soluble counterpart arise from their improved stability andeasy separation from the reaction media, leading to decrease in production cost. Immobilization methodsrange from adsorption onto matrices, entrapment, cross-linking and covalent bonding to prefabricatedcarriers or activated supports. Changes in kinetic properties of immobi...

متن کامل

State of the art of stimuli-responsive liposomes for cancer therapy

Specific delivery of therapeutic agents to solid tumors and their bioavailability at the target site are the most clinically important and challenging goals in cancer therapy. Liposomes are promising nanocarriers and have been well investigated for cancer therapy. In spite of preferred accumulation in tumors via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, inefficient drug release at t...

متن کامل

ذخیره در منابع من


  با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

عنوان ژورنال:
  • Acta veterinaria Scandinavica. Supplementum

دوره 99  شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 2004