Xenotransplantation--state of the art.
نویسندگان
چکیده
Rejections caused by xenotransplantation Transplantation between two different species may give rise to two types of graft rejection. Between so-called discordant species a hyperacute rejection (HAR) occurs within minutes or hours. In so-called concordant species this type of rejection does not occur, but over days a delayed xenograft rejection (DXG) (6) will occur. In all transplanted organs, xenoas well as allotransplanted, chronic graft rejection (CRG) will occur after years. Man is concordant with old world primates, but due to several reasons, such as breeding difficulties, risk of retroviral epidemics, concerns for the use of endangered species, etc., the discordant pig is considered the donor of choice. HAR is primarily caused by initiation of the complement cascade. The antigen known to be activating the classical pathway is the alpha-gal epitope (10) (Figure 1); the epitope alternative to the primate AB0 blood group system in most non-primate mammals. In species, in which the antigen is absent, circulating antibodies are present. In humans IgG against the alpha-gal epitope counts for up to a total of 1% of circulating IgG (11). These antibodies probably derive from a reaction to members of the intestinal flora, especially Enterobacteriaceae spp., but also other types of infectious agents possess the alpha-gal epitope as a structural element in their cell walls (10).
منابع مشابه
THE STATE OF THE ART CONCERNING XENOTRANSPLANTATION Adopted by The Scientific Committee on Medicinal Products and Medical Devices
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ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- Acta veterinaria Scandinavica. Supplementum
دوره 99 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2004